Leonardo da Vinci Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Leonardo da Vinci - Research Paper Example Leonardo had planned a helicopter, a tank, just as a number cruncher. He had frequently made significant revelations on hydrodynamics, structural designing, just as optics. During his lifetime, he was likewise very much rumored for his abilities in designing. The extension was later made to traverse a gulf at the mouth of Bosporous, which is otherwise called the Golden Horn. Beyazid didn't endorse the venture since he accepted that such an extension would not work out. Leonardo was regularly called as the â€Å"renaissance man† since he was extra normally capable in various streams. He was a flexible virtuoso in each sense. Leonardo was occupied with the development of extensions for the greater part of his life time. His spinning spans had the option to move armed forces over water bodies. The extensions he structured, and got built for the armed forces, had made it simpler for the militaries to cross a serious immense quantities of waterways. Leonardo’s sculpture was raised in 2001, when a little scaffold was built in Norway. The Turkish Government on 17 May chose to develop Leonardo’s connect (which he structured prior) to traverse the Golden Horn. The extension turns into a reality 500 years after its planning. It was Vebjorn Sand, a craftsman in Norway, who stepped up to the plate and develop it. He saw the sketch and the smaller than usual type of the scaffold at a show of Da Vinci’s structural and building plans. ... â€Å"The Mona Lisa of bridges† as what individuals call it today was portrayed by Da Vinci 500 years back, however many idea the execution of such a plan would be outlandish. Vebjorn Sand’s rendition of it is this way. â€Å"This is the first run through any of Leonardo's building and structural designing plans has been constructed. There have been models, however this is the first in full size, (Da Vinci Comes to Life 500 Years on, 2001). Sand was the perfect individual to take up the task of the Golden Horn connect since he was a renowned painter as well as the person who was acclaimed for his immense open workmanship establishments. Presently Golden Horn has become the well known water path in Istanbul and it isolates England from Asia. It is very staggering that the extension was planned in 1502, and that it took 500 years for somebody to change over it into a reality. Vebjorn Sand merits honors for it. Sand was simply impacted by the customs of Renaissance and Ba roque, and accepted that â€Å"we shouldn’t live before, however the past should live in us† (Sahlins, 2007). For the following not many years, Sand invested the majority of his energy and exertion in changing the fantasy structure into a reality. In 2001, the task was finished. The first form of the plan was 240 meter or 720 feet stone structure, which was expected to traverse Golden Horn as a delta among Istanbul and Pera. This undertaking couldn't accomplish its structure during Da Vinci’s period since the innovation of the period was not so productive. Leonardo connect was an exquisite task with 100 meters or around 300 feet length. Also it is amazing in its flawlessness of squeezed bow development. As per Da Vinci’s unique arrangement, Sand is making a

Discuss and compare two legal transplants, with reference to AT LEAST Essay

Talk about and look at two legitimate transplants, concerning AT LEAST ONE African or Asian lawful framework - Essay Example The fundamental motivation behind relative law for this situation is to give a more profound information on lawful frameworks (Ritaine 11). From the general investigation of law, there is extraordinary familiarity with the exchange of legitimate ideas, practices and associations. Atleast in each country, there has been the utilization of legitimate transplant during the advancement of the lawful framework; laws have been acquired starting with one nation then onto the next. There is a great deal of proof that show cases the movement of lawful frameworks starting with one nation then onto the next. It was apparent during the selection of Roman law by numerous nations; for instance, there was an instance of legitimate exchange from America after the World War II to different nations that had been vanquished and the relocation of lawful framework from western nations to the nations of the Eastern piece of Europe. Right now, because of globalization, there have been re-measurements of the legitimate frameworks. This has prompted the acknowledgment of worries by the European Union, which needs harmonization of lawful frameworks in order to control the increasing of global wrongdoing and psychological oppression (Negura 812). In spite of this stand, legitimate transplant has remained to be one of China’s major lawful frameworks that have seen it build up its lawful framework, while assuming the significant job in the progress of social frameworks. It has filled in as the best methods for legitimate development. The procedure in China started in around 1980. The administration sat and consented to arrangement another lawful framework with the end goal of outside speculation, and it started by advising its major remote international safe havens to gather joint endeavor laws from their particular nations of activity. Most government authorities likewise went to major remote courses managing outside speculation and educated by remote attorneys and teachers (Chenguang, â€Å"The Function†). This is the model of legitimate transplant identifying with economy whereby people and gatherings increase a ton of advantage because of their speculation through ventures, learning

5 Tips to Turn Everyday Traffic to Loyal Followers

5 Tips to Turn Everyday Traffic to Loyal Followers Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!5 Tips to Turn Everyday Traffic to Loyal FollowersUpdated On 01/12/2017Author : Suzzane EdwardsTopic : BloggingShort URL : https://hbb.me/2Bp7805 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogThe World Wide Web continues to grow at a dizzying rate everyday. Getting readers to notice your blog and keeping them coming back is becoming more and more difficult. But if you’re new to blogging, don’t despair. Everybody has to start somewhere. Try these tips and you’ll surely breathe some new life into your blog.1. Reply to comments and don’t just ignore e-mailsHaving a blog is a personal way of communicating to the rest of the world, at least to those parts that have internet access. Communication is a two-way street and could not happen if you’re not responding to comments and e-mails that they send. Replying to these make them feel more valued and will make it easier for them to spread the news of how great a blogger you are.2. Post it, tweet it, and spread the newsGetting more traffic is all about connecting to as many people as possible. And what better to reach out to audiences than to post it on Social Media. Post your blog updates on Facebook, Twitter and other social media sites. Your friends can significantly increase the blog visits that you get. Use Twitter and put a hash tag on your entry’s keywords. This way, your tweet will be visible to all users worldwide.3. Don’t just share your blogâ€"share yourselfYou might think that people are just interested in the latest trending topics. You might be tempted to blog mostly about the hottest news in your niche. This may get you in the mainstream but does not show much about your personal side. A lot of successful bloggers write about personal topics: silly, serious and funny stuff. By opening their personal side, they are able to establish a more personal relationship with their readers.READDid Yo u Encounter Seasonal Blogging Disorder?4. Throw away some freebiesEverybody loves free stuff. Giving freebies rewards loyal readers and attract more to your doorstep. E-books, blog themes, and coupons are just some of the freebies that you can easily give without breaking the bank. Subscriber’s love being pampered and appreciated so if there’s something you could pull out from that magic hat, then throw it your readers’ way.5. Join blogger partiesSpend some time outside your desktop. Bloggers are entitled to a personal life and blogger parties are some of the most fun activities you can join in. These occasions can also be your opportunity to meet fellow bloggers and readers. You can invite your most loyal readers and reward them a great time for giving life to your blog. Remember, it does not have to be a wild college party. A simple, quiet gathering will do the job.Learn, Why You Should Attend Blogger MeetupsThis article is written by Suzzane Edwards, a financial advisor. Wh en she’s not writing, she could be found online browsing.

Legal Ethical Issues with Advertising and Online Counseling

Since the end of World War 2, the technology one sees around them and uses everyday has grown exponentially. In the field of counseling, phones, fax machines, copiers, and computers are all used to run everyday operations and transfer information. Despite how great technology can be, ethical issues can arise because of it. For example, talking on the phone with a client in a crisis situation can create a condition in which confidentiality can be breeched. (McMinn, 1999). One new way in which technology has been used to extend the services of the counseling field is through online counseling. According to Corey (2011), online counseling can be beneficial because some consumers want brief and anonymous therapy, some clients who are†¦show more content†¦LaCombe’s online counseling business and advertising. The first ethical issue with this online counseling venture is the fact that it is labeled as an online counseling program for people in crisis, but one does not need to provide their name to get therapy. This breaks two ethical codes found in the American Counseling Association’s Code of Ethics (2005). The first one is ACA: A.1.a which cites that as a counselor, one is responsible for the welfare of the client’s and promoting that welfare. The second one is A.12.c which states that counselors should avoid using technology assisted counseling services when it would be better or more appropriate to use face to face services (ACA, 2005). If a suicidal individual goes on Dr. LaCombe’s site and let’s their online therapist know, how is said therapist supposed to get that individual help if they do not know their name? In addition, it may be more appropriate to help people in crisis in person as opposed to over the internet. Secondly, according to Corey (2011), many online counseling providers do not have an intake procedure, a confidentiality waiver, or informed consent write up. Dr. LaCombe’s site does not have an intake procedure or confidentiality waiver. Her website has some aspects of informed consent such as a statement about live counseling versus online counseling and payment. That said she does not talk about theShow MoreRelatedVeritas Essay2272 Words   |  10 PagesThis case study involves the ethical concerns of Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) genetic testing at Veritas Diagnostics, Inc. (VDI) from the perspective of an Ethics Officer. There are a number of recommendations that I have for VDI that will serve to protect its standing as a reputable, quality, and ethical company with this roll-out of DTC genetic testing, all of which I will discuss independently starting with legal requirements surrounding this industry. There are some federal, international, and stateRead MoreProblems of E-Commerce6457 Words   |  26 PagesProspects and Problems Of E-commerce Prospects and Problems of E-Commerce Prepared for S I Nusrat A Chaudhury Associate professor Department of Business Administration Head of Career Counseling Center East West University Prepared by Razoanul Amin Talukder 2005-2-10-207 Sazzad Hossain 2005-3-10-091 Tanzia Afrin 2005-2-10-271 Sk. Abdul Mukit 2005-2-10-135 Golam Kibria 2005-3-10-136 Date of Submission: April 13, 2008 [pic] 10 April 2008 Read MoreGoogle, Inc. : Personal Organizational Ethics2439 Words   |  10 Pagestitle appropriately, a person must be able to analyze whether the current and past actions are done and performed in an ethical manner and from those performances examine and review the changes that must be made for appropriate future endeavors. 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To keep theRead MoreSamsung Electronics4359 Words   |  18 Pagescomply with laws and ethical standards. 7 ï‚ · We maintain a clean organizational culture. 7 ï‚ · We respect customers, shareholders and employees. 7 ï‚ · We care about environment. 7 Samsung Values 8 ï‚ · People 8 ï‚ · Excellence 8 ï‚ · Change 8 ï‚ · Integrity 8 ï‚ · Co-prosperity 8 Samsung Philosophy 9 NEW VISION 9 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT 9 Vision and Mission 10 HRD Philosophy 10 JOB ANALYSIS 11 RECRUITMENT 11 Recruitment tools 11 Newspapers: 11 Online Recruitment (e-cruitment):Read MoreExploring the Corporate Culture of Emirates Airlines Hr Department, How Their Unique Management Style Helps Enforce the Vision and Mission of the Emirates Group3209 Words   |  13 Pagesprocedures, as well as providing creative and flexible HR solutions to support the business. 5. 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Rank order of recruiting sources †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦. Sourcing Passive Candidates †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Boolean Search/X-Raying/Flipping †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... Legal Requirements and/or Laws †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... Recommendations on Recruiting Process †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Table – Global Business Risks 2014 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Fairness PerceptionsRead MoreEssay on Marketing research - Woolworths South Africa7372 Words   |  30 Pagesseasonal goods, such as fruit, vegetables, seafood, meats and cheeses. For example, avocado pears are only available here in the first nine months of the year and therefore had to be imported from Spain to meet consumers’ demand for it (Anon, TasteMag Online, 2010) Woolworths abides by the relevant guidelines to ensure that when their local or imported produce is in transit or at their outlets, the cold storage is correct. They do so to prevent decay, prevent loss of firmness and shape, to retain tasteRead Moreintermediate accounting 2 test bank Essay8318 Words   |  34 PagesAccounting Information Systems Hall 6 Accounting Information Systems Hall 7 Accounting Information Systems Hurt 1 Accounting Information Systems Romney 10 Accounting Information Systems Romney 11 Accounting Information Systems Basic Concepts Current Issues Hurt 2 Accounting Principles Weygandt 8 Accounting Principles Weygandt 9 Accounting Tools for Business Decision Making Kimmel 3 Accounting, Chapter 1-23 Horngren 8 Administrative Law Bureaucracy in a Democracy Hall 4 Adolescence Steinberg 8

Belgium Overview and Geography

Belgium is an important country to both Europe and the rest of the world as its capital, Brussels, is the headquarters the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and of the European Commission and the Council of the European Union. In addition, that city is the home of many worldwide banking and insurance firms, leading some to call Brussels the unofficial capital of Europe. Fast Facts: Belgium Official Name: Kingdom of BelgiumCapital: BrusselsPopulation: 11,570,762 (2018)Official Languages: Dutch, French, GermanCurrency: Euro (EUR)Form of Government: Federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchyClimate: Temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudyTotal Area: 11,787 square miles (30,528 square kilometers)Highest Point: Botrange at 2,277 feet (694 meters)  Lowest Point: North Sea at 0 feet (0 meters) History of Belgium Like many of the worlds countries, Belgium has a long history. Its name is derived from the Belgae, a Celtic tribe that lived in the area in the first century BCE. Also during the first century, the Romans invaded the area and Belgium was controlled as a Roman province for nearly 300 years. Around 300 CE, Romes power began to diminish when Germanic tribes were pushed into the area and eventually the Franks, a German group, took control of the country. After the arrival of the Germans, the northern part of Belgium became a German-speaking area, while the people in the south remained Roman and spoke Latin. Soon after, Belgium became controlled by the Dukes of Burgundy and was eventually taken over by the Hapsburgs. Belgium was then later occupied by Spain from 1519 to 1713 and Austria from 1713 to 1794. In 1795, however, Belgium was annexed by Napoleonic France after the French Revolution. Shortly thereafter, Napoleons army was beaten during the Battle of Waterloo near Brussels and Belgium became a part of the Netherlands in 1815. It was not until 1830 that Belgium won its independence from the Dutch. In that year, there was an uprising by the Belgian people and in 1831, a constitutional monarchy was established, and a monarch from the House of Saxe-Coburg Gotha in Germany was invited to run the country. Throughout the decades following its independence, Belgium was invaded several times by Germany. In 1944 though, British, Canadian, and American military forces formally liberated Belgium. Languages of Belgium Because Belgium was controlled by different foreign powers for centuries, the country is very diverse linguistically. Its official languages are French, Dutch, and German, but its population is divided into two distinct groups. The Flemings, the larger of the two, live in the north and speak Flemish—a language closely related to Dutch. The second group lives in the south and consists of the Walloons, who speak French. In addition, there is a German community near the city of Lià ¨ge. Brussels is officially bilingual. These different languages are important to Belgium because concerns over losing linguistic power have caused the government to divide the country into different regions, each of which has control over its cultural, linguistic, and educational matters. Belgiums Government Today, Belgiums government is run as a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch. It has two branches of government. The first is the executive branch which consists of the king, who serves as the head of state; the prime minister, who is the head of government; and the Council of Ministers, which represents the decision-making cabinet. The second branch is the legislative branch, a bicameral parliament made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The major political parties in Belgium are the Christian Democratic, the Liberal Party, the Socialist Party, the Green Party, and Vlaams Belang. The voting age in the country is 18. Because of its focus on regions and local communities, Belgium has several political subdivisions, each of which has a varied amount of political power. These include 10 different provinces, three regions, three communities, and 589 municipalities. Industry and Land Use of Belgium Like many other European countries, Belgiums economy consists mainly of the service sector but industry and agriculture are also significant. The northern area is considered the most fertile and much of the land there is used for livestock, although some of the land is used for agriculture. The main crops in Belgium are sugar beets, potatoes, wheat, and barley. In addition, Belgium is a heavily industrialized country and coal mining was once important in southern areas. Today, though, almost all of the industrial centers are in the north. Antwerp, one of the largest cities in the country, is the center of petroleum refining, plastics, petrochemicals, and the manufacturing of heavy machinery. It is also famous for being one of the worlds largest diamond trading centers. Geography and Climate of Belgium The lowest point in Belgium is sea level at the North Sea and its highest point is Signal de Botrange at 2,277 feet (694 m). The rest of the country features a relatively flat topography consisting of coastal plains in the northwest and gently rolling hills throughout the countrys central portion. The southeast, however, does have a mountainous region in its Ardennes Forest area. The climate of Belgium is considered maritime temperate with mild winters and cool summers. The average summer temperature is 77 degrees (25ËšC) while winters average around 45 degrees (7ËšC). Belgium can also be rainy, cloudy, and humid. A Few More Facts About Belgium Belgium has a literacy rate of 99%The life expectancy is 78.685% of Belgians live in towns and citiesNearly 80% of the population of Belgium is Roman Catholic but there are several other religions in the country, all of which receive government subsidies. Sources Central Intelligence Agency. CIA - The World Factbook -- Belgium.Infoplease.com. Belgium: History, Geography, Government, and Culture.United States Department of State. Belgium.

Essay about The Awakening by Edna Pontellier - 601 Words

The Awakening by Edna Pontellier The Awakening by Kate Chopin introduces the reader to the life of Edna Pontellier, a woman with an independent nature searching for her true identity in a patriarchal society that expects women to be nothing more than devoted wives and nurturing mothers. The Awakening begins in the vacation spot of Grand Isle. At first we believe that Grand Isle is a utopia, wealthy families relaxing at oceanside, but it is here where Edna first begins to realize her unhappiness. The first sign of dissatisfaction is when Edna allows herself to feel that her marriage is unsatisfying, yet she must agree with the other women that Leonce Pontellier is the perfect husband. Edna asks herself that if she has a good husband†¦show more content†¦She is moved by music. During that summer Edna sketches to find an artistic side to herself. She needs an outlet to express who she is. Edna feels that art is important and adds meaning to her life. After the summer is over and they are back to the city and Edna is a changed woman. She makes many steps towards independence. She stops holding Tuesday socials, she sends her children to live in the country with their grandparents, she refuses to travel abroad with her husband, she moves out of the Lebrun house on Esplanade Street, and to earn money, she starts selling her sketches and betting the horses. She also starts a relationship with another man Alcee Arobin. He meant nothing to her emotionally but she used him for sexual pleasure. Edna evolved above her peers she did not believe that sexuality and motherhood had to be linked. The last step of her awakening is the realization that she can not fulfill her life in a society that will not allow her to be a person and a mother. Edna commits suicide in the ocean at Grand Isle. She married Leonce not because she loved him but because she could not refuse his admiration and persistence. This marriage thrusts Edna into a foreign culture. She questions her role as a mother because she is different from the typical Creole mother-woman. Edna defies the central perception that women are mothers firstShow MoreRelatedThe Awakening of Edna Pontellier2487 Words   |  10 PagesThe Awakening of Edna Pontellier Kate Chopin’s short story The Awakening is set during a time where women were expected to live in a patriarchal society. More specifically, this story tells of the well-to-do Creole lifestyles in New Orleans during the mid to late Nineteenth Century. Chopin’s personal experiences as a woman during this oppressive time and her growth as an individual inspired her to write about Edna Pontellier, a woman who tries to break from the expectations of society toRead MoreThe Awakening by Edna Pontellier Essay1104 Words   |  5 PagesThe Awakening, not only is this the quote that Edna Pontellier identifies with when Mrs. Ratignolle plays piano for her, but it is also the perfect description of the struggle in which Mrs. Pontellier faces. Though, The Awakening was considered sexually charged and risquà © for its time, when one analyzes this quote and the original title of Kate Chopin’s story, A Solitary Soul, they come to the realization that there is more to th is story than just sex (562). The Awakening is a story about Edna Pontellier’sRead More The Transformation of Edna Pontellier in The Awakening Essay950 Words   |  4 Pagessomething, anything: she did not know what† (Chopin). In Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, the reader is introduced to Edna Pontellier, a passionate, rebellious woman. Throughout the novel, it becomes apparent how unsettled Edna feels about her life. The reader can identify this by her thoughts, desires, and actions, which are highly inappropriate for an affluent woman of the time. In the novel, Edna has an awakening and finds the courage to make the changes she sees necessary. Kate Chopin is ableRead MoreEdna Pontellier as a Feminist in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening765 Words   |  3 Pagesnot every story is so successful. In Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Awakening†, Edna Pontellier finds herself fighting this very battle that, although begins with a positive outlook, ultimately ends in her demise. Throughout â€Å"The Awakening†, Edna is immersed in a constant clash with society over the significance of the difference between her life and her self. To Edna, the question of whether or not she would die for her children is somewhat simple. Edna attempts to explain this concept to her good friend, AdeleRead MoreThe Hours And The Awakening By Edna Pontellier And Laura Brown1341 Words   |  6 Pagesstarted a trend of succumbing to temptations throughout human history. Even in the novels The Hours and The Awakening, the characters are tempted by someone else or a different idea; however, some of these characters exhibit strong self control and avoid their demise. The fine line between success and failure when it comes to avoiding temptation is most obviously demonstrated by Edna Pontellier and Laura Brown, and these two women showcase the destructive power of seduction and the strength of willRead More growaw Epiphany of Edna Pontellier in Kate Chopins The Awakening809 W ords   |  4 PagesEpiphany in The Awakening      Ã‚  Ã‚   Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, presents the struggle of an American woman at the turn of the century to find her own identity.   At the beginning of the novel, the protagonist, Edna Pontellier, seems to define her identity in terms of being a wife, a mother and a member of her community.   As the story progresses, Edna seeks to define herself as an individual.   The turning point in her struggle can be seen clearly in a scene in which Edna realizes for theRead More The Awakening: America Was Not Ready For Edna Pontellier Essay1868 Words   |  8 Pagesinvention, Edna Pontellier. Madame Edna Pontellier, wife of wealthy and much respected Leonce Pontellier, had the perfect life. Vacationing in Grand Isle, living in a mansion, raising her two boys, Edna seemed untroubled and well cared for. But one cannot see another’s private distresses from the outside. Entrapped by the sequestering tomb of the mindsets of her time and starved for freedom and expression, Edna was willing to give up her life to break free. Because of these traits, Edna exemplifiedRead More Edna Pontellier and Social Limitations in Kate Chopins Awakening4858 Words   |  20 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In discussing Kate Chopins novel, The Awakening, critic Susan Rosowski categorizes the novel under the heading of the novel of awakening and differentiates it from the bildungsroman, the apprentice novel, in which the usually male protagonist learn the nature of the world, discover its meaning and pattern, and acquire a philosophy of life and ‘the art of living (Bloom 43). 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Integrating Elements of Marketing Mix †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Integrating Elements of Marketing Mix. Answer: Introduction: The study about the analysis of the impact of the marketing mix on customer satisfaction on Nike is important to know about the changes in the marketing mix approaches and. In the current scenario, the marketing mix (7ps) is having the influence of online activities and improvement in the level of competition that affecting the business process. The research will identify the factors and issues that have the direct or indirect impact on the customer satisfaction through marketing mix functions (Armstrong and et al., 2015). The analysis of customer perception and impact of the marketing mix activities will be beneficial to Nike to make corrective decisions to improve the awareness and interaction with existing and potential customers. To identify impact of marketing mix To analyze factors of customer satisfaction To develop strategy for new marketing mix To identify issues in current marketing mix for customer satisfaction What is the importance of marketing mix for Nike? Why customer satisfaction is essential for business development? What are the key factors influence the marketing mix and customer satisfaction? According to Huang and Sarigll, (2014), marketing mix refers to the set of actions or tactics that a company uses for promoting the products, services and brand in the market. The major marketing mix elements involve price, place, promotion, product, process, people and physical environment. The top management or the marketing team of organization analyze the marketing mix attributes and develop the strategy to improve the effectiveness of these marketing mixes to influence the decisions of buyers. The product and prices are primary functions of the marketing mix as the company need to design and develop products according to needs of target customers and set optimum prices that help to gain the competitive advantage. Additionally, the promotional activities of company support to create the awareness about the products and services and set the appeal to increase the sales (Huang, and Sarigll, 2014). For promotion company uses social and print media, direct marketing and promotional p ricing. The place and people are playing a vital role to influence customer satisfaction as easy availability of products in market increases the brand effectiveness and information provided by employees support to make the decision of the customer to buy the products. Huang, and Sarigll have added that physical environment and process of selling also help to engage the customers. The organizations are using the online selling method for processing the order and offering the products. The interiors and environment of stores also aid organization to increase the satisfaction level of customers. Factors of customer satisfaction There are various factors that have a significant impact on the customer satisfaction level. As per the views of Pavlou, and Stewart, (2015), the key factors that considered for analyzing and increasing the customer satisfaction involve accessibility, customer interaction level, convenience, customized approach, trust and choices. However, the leading organizations are developing the products and promotional activities by focusing these factors but changes in the market trends and improvement in the competition level influence the customer satisfaction level. In the current scenario, there are various organizations that offering similar kind of products at lower prices that affect the brand stickiness and choices of the customer. The high accessibility is essential for an organization to attract the customer and engage them in buying the certain products offered by them. In spite of that, past experience with organization and response from the staff members to make the choices also p lay a vital role in the improvement of customer satisfaction (Pavlou and Stewart, 2015). By having concern over these elements, the organizations could be able to maintain the constructive relationship with the customer and meet their satisfaction level. To maintain the effective marketing mix strategy, organizations have to face different issues. Hanssens (2014) has analyzed that, ethical pricing and promotion are affecting the activities of marketing and shaping the decisions of the customer to choose a particular brand. The customer demands high-quality products at optimum cost but the organizations are seeking for higher profitability. This kind of approach is affecting marketing functions and customer satisfaction level. If there is the monopoly of the organization in the market then the satisfaction level of the customer will be low. In addition to this, the false information that is provided by the organization to promote the products and services also affect the marketing strategy and performance of the organization in existing market (Hanssens and et al., 2014). Research methodology is an essential element of study that helps to maintain a systematic approach to solving the problem and meet the objectives. The research methodology is useful for readers to understand the manners in which the study has been conducted and identify the techniques were applied. The current research methodology is framed from the topic Marketing Mix of customer satisfaction on Nike. The major elements of current research methodology involve research methodology, research approach, data collection, sampling and data analysis. The research philosophies provided the ground for handling different directions of a study and for those three types of philosophies are used such as interpretive, positivism and realism philosophy. For the current research, positivism research philosophy that involves factual data that collected through observation and lead to the statistical analysis. The research philosophy will be helpful for the researcher to maintain the independent flow of study without any interaction with the human (Taylor and et al., 2015). This kind of research philosophy will be beneficial for explain and predict the marketing mix for Nike to improve marketing effectiveness. Research approach For managing the data and achieve the defined goals and objectives the research approaches plays a critical role. There are two types of research approaches are used that involve inductive and deductive. For the current research, the research will use deductive research approach to confirm the marketing mix theories on the basis of collected data (Lewis, 2015). In this context of the deductive approach, the research will analyze satisfaction level of the customer through marketing mix of Nike considering the secondary and primary data. The collection and comparison of both will help to draw an effective conclusion. The survey strategy will be used for collecting data and meeting the objectives of the research. In this approach, the researcher will design and develop a questionnaire and offer to the selected sample size to collect their views (Flick, 2015). The kind of strategy will help to improve the effectiveness of research and eliminate the risk of biases from the study. In order to manage the desired output and maintain the effective flow of research, the researcher needs to segment the study. For that three methods have been used such as qualitative, quantitative and mixed. For the current study of Marketing mix of customer satisfaction on Nike the researcher will use the quantitative method. According to this method, the researcher will collect statistical and numerical data using the survey and questionnaire method which will be done by using the primary data collection process (Silverman, 2016). This kind research type will improve the reliability and maintain the validity of research. The research could follow either descriptive or exploratory design for managing data and proving the desired objectives. For the current research, the researcher will use descriptive research design that will help to develop a new theory about the impact of the marketing mix on customer satisfaction level of Nike. Moreover, the research is based on quantitative data hence it is essential to use the descriptive research design to identify the facts (Palinkas and et al., 2015). For the study, the researcher will use cross-sectional approach for recording the information about the satisfaction level of customer considering the effectiveness of marketing mix. By using the cross-sectional time horizon, the researcher will analyze and compare the data collected from the different population groups. Moreover, by using this technique the data will be gathered using the survey method (Smith, 2015). Data collection is an important aspect of research that influences the finding and objectives. There are two types of data collection methods have been used such as primary and secondary. For the current research, the researcher will collect data through primary method. For that, the researcher will design a questionnaire and collected the data from the people. The survey question will be designed in a simple manner that will be easy o understand. The survey will be conducted using online method of distribution of questionnaire and collecting the views (Gelman and et al., 2014). This will be cost and time effective. The collected data will be analyzed using SPSS tool. For managing the data of primary research and maintaining the reliability of analysis SPSS tool is widely used. To analyze the data, the researcher will import the data into excel of SPSS. Additionally, the graph and pie charts also used for presentation of data (Kratochwill, 2015). This kind of statistical data analysis will encourage the validity and reliability. Plan and procedure The research will be helpful for analyzing the importance of marketing mix for managing the customer satisfaction of Nike. By considering the results the management of the company will be able to make changes in the marketing mix to achieve the better outcome. By undertaking the research, the impact of the marketing mix on the customer satisfaction level will be identified and highlight the key factors that have a significant impact on the marketing approach of Nike. The analysis of marketing mix will help to develop new theories and strategies to improve satisfaction level of customers. There will be some limitations that will influence the outcome of research. The major limitation of research will be proper management of time and lack of understanding of the research standards. I have to learn more about research planning and utilization of tools and services that will overcome the issues related to consideration of data and management of time. Work Schedule Activities/ time frame Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Introduction Literature review Research methodology Development of questionnaire Data collection Data analysis Finding and conclusion Recommendation Table 1: Gantt chart The research will be completed within five weeks. According to schedule, the researcher will develop the objective and research background by focusing on the secondary data to develop a strong literature review. In the next week, the researcher will develop a questionnaire and collect the primary data by using the primary data collection approach. The data will be analyzed in the 4th week using the SPSS tool. In the last week, the researcher will develop finding and conclusion on the basis of data analysis and provide recommendations for further improvement in the marketing mix of Nike to encourage the customer satisfaction. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Flick, U., 2015.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Gelman, A., Carlin, J.B., Stern, H.S., Dunson, D.B., Vehtari, A. and Rubin, D.B., 2014.Bayesian data analysis(Vol. 2). Boca Raton, FL: CRC press. Hanssens, D.M., Pauwels, K.H., Srinivasan, S., Vanhuele, M. and Yildirim, G., 2014. Consumer attitude metrics for guiding marketing mix decisions.Marketing Science,33(4), pp.534-550. Huang, R. and Sarigll, E., 2014. How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer, New York, NY. Kratochwill, T.R., 2015. Single-case research design and analysis: An overview. InSingle-Case Research Design and Analysis (Psychology Revivals)(pp. 13-26). Routledge. Lewis, S., 2015. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.Health promotion practice,16(4), pp.473-475. Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N. and Hoagwood, K., 2015. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research.Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research,42(5), pp.533-544. Pavlou, P.A. and Stewart, D.W., 2015. Interactive advertising: A new conceptual framework towards integrating elements of the marketing mix. InNew Meanings for Marketing in a New Millennium(pp. 218-222). Springer, Cham. Silverman, D. ed., 2016.Qualitative research. Sage. Smith, J.A. ed., 2015.Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015.Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.

UAE Local Labor Force

A Dolls House Study and Discussion Topics

'A Doll's House' Study and Discussion Topics A Dolls House is an 1879 play by Norwegian writer Henrik Ibsen, which tells the story of a discontented wife and mother. It was highly controversial at the time of its release, as it raised questions and criticism about the societal expectations of marriage, especially the subservient role women were expected to play. Nora Helmer is desperate to keep her husband Torvald from discovering that she forged loan documents, and thinks if she is revealed, he will sacrifice his honor for hers. She even contemplates killing herself to spare him this indignity. Noras being threatened by Nils Krogstad, who knows her secret and wants to reveal it if Nora doesnt help him. Hes about to be fired by Torvald, and wants Nora to intervene. Her attempts are unsuccessful, however. She asks Kristine, a long-lost love of Krogstads, to help her, but Kristine decides Torvald should know the truth, for the good of the Helmers marriage. When the truth comes out, Torvald disappoints Nora with his self-centered reaction. Its at this point Nora realizes she has never truly discovered who she is but has lived her life as a plaything for the use of first her father, and now her husband.  At the end of the play, Nora Helmer leaves her husband and children in order to be herself, which she is unable to do as part of the family unit. The play is based on a true story, of Laura Kieler, a friend of Ibsens who went through many of the same things Nora did. Kielers story had a less happy ending; Her husband divorced her and had her committed to an asylum. Discussion Topics What is important about the title? Who is the doll Ibsen refers to?Who is the more significant female character in terms of plot development, Nora or Kristine? Explain your answer.Do you think Kristines decision not to prevent Krogstad from revealing the truth to Torvald is a betrayal of Nora? Does this act ultimately hurt or benefit Nora?How does Henrik Ibsen reveal character in A Dolls House? Is Nora a sympathetic character? Did your opinion of Nora change from the beginning of the play to its conclusion?Does the play end the way you expected? Do you think this was a happy ending?A Dolls House is generally considered a feminist work. Do you agree with this characterization? Why or why not?How essential is the setting, both in terms of time period and location? Could the play have taken place anywhere else? Would the final outcome have had the same impact if A Dolls House had been set in the present day? Why or why not?Knowing that the plot is based on a series of events that happen ed to a female friend of Ibsens, did it bother you that he used Laura Kielers story without it benefiting her? Which actress would you cast as Nora if you were to stage a production of A Dolls House? Who would play Torvald? Why is the choice of actor important to the role? Explain your choices.

Human Resources Re-Engineering Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resources Re-Engineering - Research Paper Example We are the business." Competitive pressure is the main reason for the above phenomenon. As a point of start, instead of imposing rules, it would fetch a better result if the process is started right from knowing what others (employees) want. Also, according to Ulrich, Smallwood and Sweetman (2007), "Being an effective leader starts with self." Employees should take up the responsibility of streamlining the Human Resources as a business partner and the top management should create the necessary ambience atmosphere. A proper intersection of people and business will certainly yield sustainable human capital resources of the organization, as per Ulrich, Brockbank HR can be linked with profitability metrics. They may either partner with Audit staff or give directions for hiring requirement or they can partner with sales & marketing team and work in designing and negotiating health care programs. In order to carry on this process effectively, develop a leadership program that includes hands of training of all functional disciplines and insist HR staff to receive basic training on financials so that they can understand impact of cash flow, receivables, billing cycles etc. Encourage them to participate in sales strategies, customer visits, technology reviews etc. Hold all members accountable for achieving the company's critical numbers and include HR employees as full business partners. Following is the example of my current company where 5 of the positions can be re-engineered (according to me) to allow for reductions in work force availability. Here are the total 16 total positions currently in our company. General Manager (1 position), Marketing Manager (1 position), HR Manager (1 position), Accounts Lead (1 position), Sales & Marketing (3 positions), Auditing (2 position), Recruiting & Training (3 positions), Payroll Staff (1 position), Accounts Assistants (3 positions). According to the explanation above, HR teams can be partnered with other departments and necessary changes can be made. Recruiting & Training team can be partnered with Sales & Marketing team and gradually, the total 6 positions can be reduced to 4. Clubbing of Recruiting and Marketing team helps in collaboratively working "within the company" & what is needed "outside the company." Auditing staff can be partnered with payroll and accounting staff and the total number may be changed from 6 to 4. This combination is because of the similarity between finance and accounts. My current role is one among a team of 3 in Sales & Marketing. There is a potential chance of my position getting disturbed with the above re-engineering. However, for the overall well being of the company, I feel this is the right approach. Also, as long as I am good performer, my position shall be definitely safe. References The HR Value Proposition by David Ulrich and Wayne Brockbank (2005) The Leadership Code: Five Rules to Lead By by Dave Ulrich, Norm Smallwood, and Kate

Puerto Rico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Puerto Rico - Essay Example Through my research, I gained information on some places around the world which tourists categorize to be the most breathtaking amazing sites. My academic course incorporates the subject of tourism; the event enriched my understanding of Puerto Rico as a tourist location. The event is also related to my academic course in the sense that, it has served as a learning resource to me. This event, relates to the holidays we are currently having, in that, it will be a destination site during the holiday. Watching the event is more like watching Puerto Rico being advertised as a tourist destination site. This program relates to both international and global issue since people all around the world are interested with phenomenal tourist site such as Puerto Rico. Since the program acts like an advertisement tool, it influences global tourism (Dietz 87). Watching the event, made me remember, the first experience I had when I was touring the Caribbean Islands. I reminisced over the thrilling feelings I had some years back when I walked on white sandy beaches for the first time. In particular, I appreciate the fact that I got first hand and detailed information on Puerto Rico. The program, showed spectacular features on the landscape, such as different kinds of coral reefs, which I had never come through when researching on tourist sites. Through the program, I gained more knowledge on Puerto Rico’s history. The information on the landscape made me appreciate and understand some geography, because it talked of how the various physical features on the island came to be formed. (Dietz

The Welfare Effects Of A Government Policy Economics Essay

The Welfare Effects Of A Government Policy Economics Essay For the purpose of this paper demand and supply analysis is used to show how it can be applied to a wide variety of economic problems. In the first section consumer and producer surplus is better defined and explained to understand the welfare effects of a government policy. In other words, consumer and producer surplus can evaluate who gains and who loses from a given policy, and also by how much. Also note that these two concepts of surplus can also be used to demonstrate the efficiency of a competitive market. In the sections to follow minimum prices, price supports, and related policies will be discussed in more detail. To assist the theory, demand-supply analysis will be used to understand and assess these policies. Consumer and Producer Surplus To understand consumer and producer surplus better the principles of price ceilings and floors will be discussed. As opposed to price floors, a government-imposed price ceiling means that the price is set at a lower level than the price in the prevailing market. Likewise, price ceilings will cause the quantity of a good demanded to rise. This happens because at lower prices consumers want to buy more. On the other hand, the quantity supplied will fall because producers are not willing to supply as much at lower prices. As a result of this a shortage will occur, which also indicates excess demand. Note that those consumers who can still buy the good will be better off because they now pay less. However, supply will fall, forcing producers to provide less of their goods. The following section provides a more detailed explanation of the welfare gained or lost by both consumers and producers, should certain prices be imposed. For the purpose of this section the assumption follows that consumers and producers buy and sell at the prevailing market price in an unregulated, competitive market. However, for some consumers the value of the good in question exceeds the prevailing market price. This also means that the consumer would be willing to pay more for the good if it was expected. Therefore, consumer surplus is the total benefit that consumers receive beyond what they pay for the good (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:300). For example if the market price of a product is R7, but the consumer is willing to pay R10 for it, then his net benefit will be R3. Consumer surplus can also be explained with the assistance of demand and supply curves. In this respect consumer surplus can be interpreted as the area between the demand curve and the market price. Pindyck and Rubinfeld (2005:300) also states that consumer surplus measures the net benefit to consumers in the aggregate, therefore, this analysis can be used to better understand the gains or losses induced from government interventions. On the other hand, producer surplus is the equivalent measure for producers (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:301). If goods were to be produced at a price lower than the market price, then more could be produced. Therefore, producers will enjoy a benefit, or rather a surplus, from selling those units. This surplus is the difference between the market price the producer receives and the marginal cost of producing the units. It can also be better explained as the area above the supply curve up to the market price. Essentially consumer and producer surplus is used for economic analysis to evaluate the welfare effects of a government intervention in the market. It assists with anticipating who will gain or lose from the intervention, and also by how much. To do so the concepts of price ceilings and price floors will be explained in more detail. Price Ceilings Price ceilings occur when production (supply) is decreased and the quantity demanded is increased (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:301). Price ceilings tend to cause excess demand, or rather shortages, to occur. Figure 1: Graphical Presentation of a Price Ceiling The following section provides a theoretical explanation of Figure 1 and the effects of price ceilings on consumers and producers respectively: Consumer Surplus (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:302; and Perloff, 2005:274, 296, 297): Consumers are better off as they can buy the good at a lower price. Thus, the consumers that still buy the good enjoy an increase in consumer surplus, which is resembled by rectangle A. On the other, those consumers who can no longer buy the good lose surplus. Their loss is represented by triangle B. Therefore, the net change in consumer surplus which is a positive result is: à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  CS = A B Producer Surplus (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:303; and Perloff, 2005:278, 280, 297): With price controls, some producers will stay in the market but will receive a lower price for their output. Thus, they have lost the producer surplus represented by rectangle A. Other producers may however leave the market. This means that total production will also drop, which is represented by triangle C. Therefore, the change in producer surplus, which is a negative result, is: à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PS = (-A) C Deadweight Loss (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:304; and Perloff, 2005:280, 281): Price controls will result in a net loss, which is also referred to as deadweight loss. Therefore, combining the change in both consumer and producer surplus will bring along a total change in surplus as follows: Deadweight Loss = (A B) + [(-A) -C] = (-B) C In essence, deadweight loss results in an inefficiency caused by price controls. In summation, a price ceiling is that price held below the prevailing market price. It merely means that too little is produced and, at the same time, that consumers and producers in the aggregate are worse off (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:306; and Mohr, 2004:162, 163). Price Floors In contrast to price ceilings, price floors indicate what happens when government requires for the price to be above the market price. Although producers would like to produce more at this higher price (indicated on the supply curve at P2) consumers will now buy less. If we assume that producers only produce what can be sold, then the market output level will be at Q1. Once again there is a noted net loss of total surplus (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:306, and Perloff, 2005:293): Triangles B (a loss of consumer surplus) and C (a loss of producer surplus) represents the deadweight loss. Rectangle D represents the transfer from consumers to producers, who now receive a higher price. Figure 2: Graphical Presentation of a Price Floor In fact, the deadweight loss gives an optimistic assessment of the efficiency cost of policies. The reason for this assumption is that some producers may still however increase prices after the price floor have been incorporated. This would, in turn, result in unsold output. However, should the producer receive more importance with regard to applicable policies, then government might buy up the unsold output to maintain production at Q0. In both cases, the total welfare loss will exceed the areas of triangles B and C (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:307). The Efficiency of a Competitive Market As discussed already, consumer and producer surplus can be used to evaluate economic efficiency in the aggregate. In the previous section it was shown how price controls create a deadweight loss. Thus, the policy imposes an efficiency cost on the economy (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:306). Both consumer and producer surplus are reduced by the amount of the deadweight loss. This does not mean that such a policy is bad. It may however achieve other objectives that policymakers and the public consider important. Many researchers argue that if the only objective is to achieve economic efficiency, then a competitive market would be better left alone. This means that no interventions should occur. However, in some cases market failure will occur because prices fail to provide the proper signals to consumers and producers. Also, the unregulated, competitive market could be inefficient. These indications of market failure may occur because of two instances (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:306): Externalities: Sometimes the actions of either consumers or producers will result in a cost/benefit that does not show up as part of the market price. Such a cost/benefit can also be referred to as externalities because they are external to the market. An example of this is the cost to society of environmental pollution by a producer of industrial chemicals. Lack of Information: When consumers lack information about the quality or nature of a product and can therefore not make a utility-maximising purchasing decision. If these two instances (externalities and/or the lack of information) are absent in a market then that unregulated, competitive market will essentially have no obstacles, and an economically efficient output level can be reached. Minimum Prices For the purpose of this section we will refer back to Figure 2. From the graph we can see that if producers can correctly anticipate that they can sell only the lower quantity Q1, then the net welfare will be given by triangles B and C. However, as mentioned before, producers may not limit their output to Q1. Incorporating Figure 2 to illustrate minimum prices, the following notations has to be made (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:310): P2 denotes a minimum price set by the government. Q2 denotes the quantity supplied, and Q1 denotes the quantity demanded. The difference between Q1 and Q2 represents excess supply, or rather, unsold supply. Therefore, Consumer Surplus (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:310): Those consumers who still purchase the good must now pay a higher price (Rectangle D). Some consumers will also drop out of the market (Triangle B). Therefore, consumer surplus remains the same as before and indicates that consumers are actually worse off as a result of this policy: à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  CS = (-D) B Producer Surplus (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:311): Producers, on the other hand, receive a higher price for the units they sell, which results in an increase of surplus (Rectangle D). Rectangle D can also be better described as the transfer of funds between consumers and producers. But, the drop in sales from Q0 to Q1 actually results in a loss of surplus which is represented by triangle C. Also remember that the supply curve is a representation of the additional cost of producing each incremental unit. Thus, the area under the supply curve from Q1 to Q2 is the cost of producing quantity Q2 less Q1. This area is represented by trapezoid E. Unless producers respond to unsold output by cutting production, the total change in producer surplus will be: à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PS = D C E Minimum prices is merely one of the ways to raise prices above the prevailing market level through the direct intervention and regulation of the government simply make it illegal to charge a price lower than a specific minimum level. As a result, this form of government intervention can reduce producers profits because of the cost of excess production. Another example of this is a minimum wage law. In other words, a wage rate at a level higher than the market price will result in those workers who can find jobs and earn a higher payoff. However, some people who want to work will be unable to, which will result in a policy that brings about unemployment (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:311). Price Supports and Production Quotas Besides imposing a minimum price, the government can also increase the price of a good in other ways. In agricultural policy the system is mostly based on price supports, but prices can also be increased by restricting production, either directly or through incentives to producers (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:314). In this section these policies will be examined in more detail as to show how consumers, producers and the government budget are affected. Price Supports: In general, price supports aim to increase the prices of dairy products, tobacco, peanuts, etc. This is done with the intention that the producers of these types of products earn higher incomes. This basically entails that the government sets the supporting price and then buys up whatever output is needed to keep the market price at this level. The resulting gains/losses will be as follows: Figure 3: Government Price Supports Consumers Surplus (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:315): At price P2, the quantity demanded falls to Q1, and the quantity supplied increases to Q2. To maintain this price and avoid inventories having to pile up, the government must buy the quantity Qg = Q2 Q1. Because the government adds its demand to the demand of the consumers, producers can sell all they want at price P2. Therefore, the consumer surplus will be calculated in the same way as with minimum prices: à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  CS = (-D) B Producers Surplus (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:315): Price support policies are implemented with the intention to increase the gains that producers receive because producers are now selling a higher quantity (Q2) at a higher price (P2). Therefore producer surplus will be as follows: à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PS = D + B + F Government Welfare (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:315): However, there is also a cost to government, which in essence is paid for by taxes. Thus, ultimately this is actually a cost indirectly related to consumers. This amount is represented by the rectangle that makes up BCEFG. This cost may be reduced if the government can dump some of its purchases, for example, selling them abroad at a low price. However, doing so hurts the ability of the domestic market to sell in foreign markets. The total welfare cost of this policy could be defined as: à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  CS + à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PS Cost to Gov = D (Q2 Q1)P2 If the objective is to give producers an additional income equal to D + B + F, it is far less costly to society if government were to give them this money directly rather than via price supports. This can be supported by the fact that price supports are costing consumers D + B anyway. If government pay producers directly, then society will save the large rectangular area BCEFG less triangle F (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:316). However, price supports are in use most likely because they are a less obvious giveaway and, therefore, politically more correct. Production Quotas: The government can also cause the price of a good to rise by reducing supply. Government can do this by setting quotas on how much each firm can produce. With appropriate quotas, the price can then be forced up to any arbitrary level. An example of this could be the control of liquor licenses by the government. By requiring any bar or restaurant to have a liquor license and, at the same time limiting the number of licenses, will result in limited entrants into that market. This also allows those with licenses to earn higher prices and profit margins. The welfare effects of production quotas will be explained in the following section (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:317): The government restricts the quantity supplied to Q1, rather than at the market level of Q0. Thus the supply curve becomes the vertical line S at Q1. As a result consumer surplus is reduced by rectangle D plus triangle B. On the other hand, producers gain rectangle D less triangle C. Thus, once again, there is a deadweight loss that occurs which is represented by B + C: à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  CS = (-D) B à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PS = D C + (Payments for not producing) However, the cost to the government is a payment sufficient enough to give producers an incentive to reduce output to Q1. That incentive must be at least as large as (B + C + F), because that area represents the additional profit that could have been made if the quota was not applicable. Also remember that the higher price (P2) give producers incentive to produce more even though the government is trying to get them to produce less. Thus, the cost to government is at least B + C + F and the total change in producer surplus is: à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PS = D C + B + C + F = D + B + F à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Welfare = (-D) B + D + B + F B C F = (-B) C Figure 4: Supply Restrictions via Production Quotas This is the same change in producer surplus as with price supports therefore, producers should in essence be indifferent between the two policies because they end up gaining the same amount of money from each. Likewise, consumers end up losing the same amount of money (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:318). It can also be noted that, once again, the society will clearly be better off in efficiency terms if the government simply gave the producers (generally in the agricultural sector) D + B + C, leaving price and output alone. Producers would then gain D + B + C and the government would lose this profit for a total welfare change of zero, instead of a loss of B + C. However, economic efficiency is not always the objective of government policy. Import Quotas and Tariffs Many countries use import quotas and tariffs to keep the domestic price of a product above world levels and thereby enable the domestic industry to enjoy higher profits than it would under free trade. However, the cost to taxpayers from this protection can be relatively high. Without a quota or tariff, a country will import a good when its price is below the price that would prevail domestically, were there no imports (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:321, 322; and Perloff, 2005:298, 299). Figure 5: The Affect of an Import Tariff/Quota on Imports S and D represent the domestic supply and demand. Because the world price (P1) is below domestic demand and supply, it gives domestic consumers an incentive to purchase from abroad if imports are not restricted. If that is the case then domestic price will fall to the world price at P1. At a lower price, domestic production will fall to Q1 and consumption will rise to Q2. So imports will be the difference between domestic consumption and production (Q2 Q1). Now suppose the government, bowing to pressure from the domestic industry, eliminates imports by imposing a quota or a tariff at Q0. This will forbid any importation of the good in question. With no imports allowed the domestic price will rise to P0. Consumer Surplus: As a result, consumers who still purchase the good will now pay a higher price and will lose the surplus represented by trapezoid A and triangle B. In addition, some consumers will no longer buy the good which results in a further loss represented by triangle C. Therefore, the total change in consumer surplus will be: à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  CS = (-A) B C Producer Surplus: In concern with producers, output is now higher (Q0 instead of Q1). Output is also sold at a higher price (P0 instead of P1). Producer surplus therefore increases by the amount of trapezoid A: à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PS = A à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Welfare = (-B) C Combining both à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  CS and à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PS to obtain the total welfare effect merely indicates once again that there is a deadweight loss. This loss indicates that consumers lose more than what producers gain. Imports could also be reduced to zero by imposing a sufficiently large tariff. The tariff would have to be equal to or greater than the difference between P0 and P1. With a tariff of this size there will be no imports and, therefore, no government revenue from tariff collections. Thus, the effect on consumers and producers would be the same as with a quota (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:323). However, government policy is more often designed to reduce, but not eliminate, imports (as shown in Figure 6. Again, this can be done with either a tariff or a quota (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:323; and Perloff, 2005:300, 301): When imports are reduced, the domestic price is increased from P1 to P0. Trapezoid A is again the gain to domestic producers. The loss to consumers is A + B + C + D. Thus, if a tariff is used, the government will gain rectangle D, the revenue from the tariff. Therefore, the net domestic loss will be B + C. If a quota is used instead, then rectangle D becomes part of the profits of foreign producers, and the net domestic loss will be B + C + D. Figure 6: The General Case with an Import Tariff or Quota The Impact of a Tax or Subsidy The burden of a tax (or the benefit of a subsidy) falls partly on the consumer and partly on the producer. In this section it will become clear that the share of a tax accepted by consumers depends on the shapes of the demand and supply curves and, in particular, on the relative elasticities of demand and supply (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:326). The Effects of a Specific Tax A specific tax can be better defined as a tax of a certain amount of money per unit sold. This is in contrast to an ad valorem tax which is a proportional tax. However, the analysis of an ad valorem tax is roughly the same and yields the same qualitative results (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:326). Examples of specific taxes are sin taxes on cigarettes and liquor. Suppose the government imposes a tax of t cents per unit. This means that the price the buyer pays must exceed the price the seller receives by t cents. Figure 7 illustrates this accounting relationship and its implications (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:326): Figure 7: The Effects of a Specific Tax Here, P0 and Q0 represent the price and quantity before the tax is imposed. Pd is the price that buyers pay and Ps is the price that sellers receive after the tax is imposed. Therefore, Pd Ps = t. Here the burden of a tax is split evenly between buyers and sellers. Buyers lose A + B, while sellers lose D + C. On the other hand, the government earns A + D in revenue. Thus, the deadweight loss is once again B + C. The solution is therefore to find the quantity that corresponds to a price of Pd and Ps so that t = Pd Ps. This quantity is shown as Q1. As seen from Figure 8, the burden of the tax is shared roughly evenly between buyers and sellers. It can also be stated that the price that buyers pay rises by half of the tax, and the price that sellers receive falls by roughly half of the tax. As Figure 7 and 8 shows, market clearing requires four conditions to be satisfied after the tax is in place (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:327, 328). These four conditions can also be written and distinguished as four different equations that must always be true: The quantity sold and the buyers price must lie on the demand curve, because buyers are interested only in the price that they must pay. Qd = Qd(Pd) The quantity sold and the sellers price must both lie on the supply curve, because sellers are only concerned with the price they are to receive. Qs = Qs(Ps) The quantity demanded must equal the quantity supplied (Q1). Qd = Qs The difference between the prices of buyers and sellers must equal t. Pd Ps = t There is a change in consumer and producer surplus, as well as in government revenue can be summarised as follows (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:328; and Perloff, 2005:289, 290): à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  CS = (-A) B à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PS = (-C) D à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Welfare = (-A) B C D + A + D = (-B) C From the above information we have seen that the burden of a tax is shared almost evenly between buyers and sellers, however, this is not always the case. If demand is inelastic and supply is relatively, then the burden of the tax will fall mostly on the buyer. Demand will work in the opposite way. It can also be determined if the burden of a tax falls more on the buyer or the seller (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:328): Pass-through fraction (Buyer) = Ed / (Es Ed) This equation thus stipulates what fraction of the tax is passed-through to consumers (buyers) and producers (sellers) in the form of higher prices. So, if the demand is totally inelastic (when Ed = 0) so that the pass-through fraction is 1, then all the tax is borne by the consumers (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:328). Similarly, when demand is totally elastic, the pass-through fraction is zero and producers bear all the tax. Therefore, the equation basically indicates that a tax falls on the buyer if Ed / Es is small, and on the seller if Ed / Es is large. The Effects of a Subsidy A subsidy can be analysed in much the same way as a tax. In fact, a subsidy can be better defined as a negative tax. With a subsidy, the sellers price exceeds the buyers price and the difference between the two is the amount of the subsidy. Thus, the effect of a subsidy on the quantity produced and consumed is the opposite of the effect of a tax, which also means that the quantity will increase (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:329). Figure 8: The Effects of a Subsidy In general, the benefit of a subsidy accrues mostlyto buyers if Ed / Es is small, and to sellers if Ed / Es is large. Also, the same four conditions needed for the market to clear, apply for a subsidy as it did for a tax. The only difference is that now the difference between the sellers price and the buyers price is equal to the subsidy (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005:329): Qd = Qd(Pd) Qs = Qs(Ps) Qd = Qs Ps Pd = s Conclusion From this paper the evidence shows that simple models of demand and supply can be used to analyse a wide variety of government policies. These include price controls, minimum prices, price supports, production quotas, import tariffs and quotas, and taxes and subsidies. In each case, consumer and producer surplus are used to evaluate the gains and losses to consumers and producers. These gains and losses can be quite large. Evidence have also indicated that when the government imposes a tax or subsidy, price usually does not rise or fall by the full amount of the tax or subsidy. Also, the incidence of a tax or subsidy is usually split between consumers and producers. The fractions that each group ends up paying/receiving depend on the relative elasticities of demand and supply. It is important to remember that government intervention generally leads to a deadweight loss, even if consumer and producer surplus is weighted equally. In some cases this deadweight loss will be small, but in other cases (price supports and import quotas) it is large. This deadweight loss is a form of economic inefficiency that must be taken into account when policies are designed and implemented. In summation, government intervention in a competitive market is not always bad. Government, and the society it represents, might have objectives other than economic efficiency. There are also situations in which government intervention can improve economic efficiency. Examples are externalities and cases of market failure.

On the Application of Scientific Knowledge :: Essays Papers

On the Application of Scientific Knowledge The concept of ‘knowledge’ is infinitely broad, but there do exist three subcategories in which a majority of knowledge is encompassed. The knowledge contained within each category carries with it different characteristics, different applications, and certainly varying amounts of weight from the perspective of any individual. The three categories are religious, mathematical, and scientific knowledge. Many questions arise when examining this system of partition. Should knowledge from one category be trusted over knowledge from another? Is one type of knowledge more easily verified than a different type? What exactly are all the differences between religious, mathematical, and scientific knowledge? Reasonable answers to all these questions could not responsibly be answered in this, or any single paper, however, there is one question that can be answered to a reasonable degree of certainty. Which type of knowledge is the most applicable to the real world ? Despite the mass appeal of religious knowledge and the arguable purity of mathematical knowledge, it is the tangible scientific knowledge that is most useful and most applicable to the real world. In order to justify this, it is necessary to present at least a brief investigation into each type of knowledge, noting its origin, appeal, and other unique characteristics. We begin with religious knowledge. 86% percent of people in the world categorize themselves as religious1. This must imply that a very large proportion of the world’s population puts at least some trust in religious knowledge. The problem with discussing religious knowledge is that it is based completely on faith. There is no accepted â€Å"proof† of the existence of a god or gods, so when an individual chooses to believe in a higher power, he or she does so by possessing faith in the truthfulness and accuracy of the religious texts and/or oral tradition associated with that religion. Many religious people, especially those deeply religious, consider the existence of god simply as a given in life. â€Å"What truth so obvious, so certain, as the being of a God, which the most ignorant ages have acknowledged†¦what truth so important as this, which is the ground of all our hopes, the surest foundation of morality, the firmest support of society, and the only principle which ought never to be a moment absent from our thoughts and meditations.

Music: a Magicful Medicine

Music:A Magicful Medicine Fine arts always have been a good way to express oneself for thousand years. One of them is a magical and a powerful way to affect people,both negatively and positively. Music is not just a way to fun or just an art. Almost everyone loves it,some of them say that they can not live without it. However,above all,music is able to do many things. There are a lot of ways that music effects people. As it was mentioned above, music has both negative and possitive effects on us. But these effects are usually possitive.First of all, and it is the most interesting affect maybe, it can cure diseases. Of course it can not be as effective as pills but it really helps during the cure. Due to the fact that music has an enormous affect on humain brain, it helps Alzheimers mostly and it is used as a rehabilitation. It reduces the worst effect of the disease: it brings back the lost memories. Until today, a lot of patients made a good progress by listening to music. In additi on, music also repairs patients’ brains damage, like ‘Kenny Roger Effect’. It is a vacation that shows how music can repair a human brain. Because songs by country performer Rogers were among the stroke patients’ preferred tunes,we were thinking of calling this the Kenny Rogers Effect. ’ was said in an interview by Dr Soto. And interestingly, Rogers’ songs also provided the greatest benefits, according to some study findings. Another disease which music can be used as a cure is cancer, maybe the most dangerous one ever. Just like in Alzheimer, there are a lot of good examples which can prove music’s effects on cancer. Firstly, it reduces stress and makes people feel more cheerful.We all know that what kind of songs we listen to can change our mood easily, we can suddenly start crying or feeling better just by listening to music. During the cancer rehabilitation, patients’ moods, feelings and thoughts are very important. Music ca n raise patients’ spirit and help them to feel better and less stressful. On the other hand, music is a very good way to learn and understand easily. Because of that, it can be applied education, especially in childhood. Music helps children during their education life. It is a really effective way to make a good progress in education.According to the last researches, children who play a musical instrument are more succesful in their school life than the others. The reason is simple: Playing an instrument makes a lot of parts of your brain work at the same time which is a very beneficial thing,especially for children. By the same token, children who interest in music are also more succesful than the others. There are two benefits of music for children. First, it helps them to understand easily. Today, people goes courses to understand and concentrate quickly. Because by just listening a song (a special song of course) you can do this.Classic music for example is a good altern ative. Listening a song from Beethoven can make your brain waves decelerate and this is one of the ways to improve your brain’s capasity. Another good effect of music is that it can improve intelligence. We all have seen a Mozart cd for babies or children at least for once. It is because there are so many examples of listening classic music can improve babies intelligence especially during the pregnancy. The works of Mozart and Beethoven are famous for mental function, because the frequencies used are very specific and place the mind in highly distinctive states.Studies have repeatedly shown that babies IQ rises by 3-5 points. Classic music also can make the memory stronger –not for just babies for everyone- and a strong memory is a good proof of an intelligence. To sum up, listening to music is just a free-time activity for a lot of people but in fact it is like a magical medicine for us. It has unbelievable effects on our body and brain and today these effects are be ing used as cures for cancer and Alzheimer. In other words, music is like a gift for people. Birnur Sahin Section:22 28/12/12

My Own Personal Fitness Level Essay - 1430 Words

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With this being said, there is more to successful fitness than just activity. Both physiologically and psychologically, a person must illustrate work ethic and passion over a period of time to be physically fit. The basic fitness assessment conducted upon me started off with an individual assessment and then moved onto a series of physical activity tests. The whole fitness assessment went in the following order: resting measures, body composition, cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility and balance. With all theseShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement For A Fitness Trainer987 Words   |  4 Pagesis Outlining your Profession. My desired profession is to be a fitness trainer. I strive to motivate and inspire others to live a healthy lifestyle. Although a degree is not required to complete this goal, I feel that a Bachelor of Scie nce in Health and Wellness from Kaplan will give me a better understanding of the human body and broaden my career path. 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